云纹石斑鱼幼鱼血清生化指标对低温胁迫的响应

设置9、13、17℃3个温度梯度(17℃对照组),对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)幼鱼进行7 d的胁迫实验,检测了血清中生化指标和代谢酶活力。结果表明:血清总蛋白(TP)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量在温度骤降后虽有变化,但无显著性差异(P0.05);血清中甘油三酯(TG)和肌酐(CREA)含量在水温骤降至9℃和13℃,7 d后与胁迫前比较均差异显著(P0.05);代谢酶指标中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活力,随低温胁迫的强度和胁迫时间的延长活力都呈上升趋势,且实验结束时均与胁迫前差异显著(P0.05);乳酸脱氢酶活力在实验结束时各低温胁迫实验组之间也有显著性差异(P0.05);研究认为,在耐受温度范围的下限云纹石斑鱼幼鱼遭受低温骤降胁迫时,短期内血清生化指标不发生显著变化;幼鱼通过血清代谢酶活力的升高来响应低温胁迫,以提高抗应激能力;但停食会导致免疫力和抗氧化能力下降,因此实际生产中仍应降低胁迫强度和缩短胁迫时间。     

Polyphenols from green tea prevent antineuritogenic action of Nogo‐A via 67‐kDa laminin receptor and hydrogen peroxide

Axonal regeneration after injury to the CNS is hampered by myelin‐derived inhibitors, such as Nogo‐A. Natural products, such as green tea, which are neuroprotective and safe for long‐term therapy, would complement ongoing various pharmacological approaches. In this study, using nerve growth factor‐differentiated neuronal‐like Neuroscreen‐1 cells, we show that extremely low concentrations of unfractionated green tea polyphenol mixture (GTPP) and its active ingredient, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), prevent both the neurite outgrowth‐inhibiting activity and growth cone‐collapsing activity of Nogo‐66 (C‐terminal domain of Nogo‐A). Furthermore, a synergistic interaction was observed among GTPP constituents. This preventive effect was dependent on 67‐kDa laminin receptor (67LR) to which EGCG binds with high affinity. The antioxidants N‐acetylcysteine and cell‐permeable catalase abolished this preventive effect of GTPP and EGCG, suggesting the involvement of sublethal levels of H₂O₂ in this process. Accordingly, exogenous sublethal concentrations of H₂O₂, added as a bolus dose (5 μM) or more effectively through a steady‐state generation (1–2 μM), mimicked GTPP in counteracting the action of Nogo‐66. Exogenous H₂O₂ mediated this action by bypassing the requirement of 67LR. Taken together, these results show for the first time that GTPP and EGCG, acting through 67LR and elevating intracellular sublethal levels of H₂O₂, inhibit the antineuritogenic action of Nogo‐A.

     

伦敦白胶和茶：一种既快又安全的用于透射电子显微镜的细菌样品制备方法

【目的】检测乌龙茶提取物是否可作为电子染色剂取代醋酸双氧铀用于细菌细胞染色,使其能在透射电子显微镜下进行观察。【方法】利用伦敦白胶对细菌样品(大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌)进行胶块的制备,再在复染铅与不复染铅这两种情况下对超薄切片样品进行3种不同染色剂的电子染色,之后在透射电子显微镜下观察比较其不同之处。这3种不同的染色剂分别是醋酸双氧铀、0.05%乌龙茶提取物以及0.1%乌龙茶提取物。首先将带有超薄切片样品的铜网悬浮于不同的待比较染液中10?15 min,若需进一步用柠檬酸铅复染,则将经3次蒸馏水冲洗过后的铜网再次悬浮于柠檬酸铅染液中8?10 min。【结果】复染铅的情况下,在透射电子显微镜下无论是大肠杆菌还是金黄色葡萄球菌,利用3种电子染色剂进行染色的结果均非常相似。【结论】实验结果表明,在观察细菌结构中,乌龙茶提取物可以替代醋酸双氧铀进行透射电子显微镜样品的电子染色。     

Enantioselective Degradation of Indoxacarb From Different Commercial Formulations Applied to Tea

The stereoselective degradation of indoxacarb enriched with (+)‐S‐indoxacarb (S/R:70/30) was investigated in three typical green teas. A convenient and precise chiral method was developed and validated for measuring indoxacarb enantiomers in green tea. The developed method was based on high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry using a Chiralpak IC column. The stereoselective degradation of indoxacarb enantiomers showed that the (+)‐S‐enantiomer dissipated faster than the (?)‐R‐enantiomer in all three typical tea farms. However, no enantiomerization was observed after applying pure (+)‐S‐indoxacarb. Residues on tea plant of the active ingredient (+)‐S‐indoxacarb from suspension concentrate (SC) was more persistent than that from emulsifiable concentrate (EC). Chirality 27:262–267, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

不同颜色遮阳网遮光对丘陵茶园夏秋茶和春茶产量及主要生化成分的影响

为研究不同颜色遮阳网遮光对夏秋茶与春茶产量和品质的影响,在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站以“碧香早”茶树为试验材料,选用不遮光和中度遮光（遮光率(50?4)%）的黑色、绿色、银灰色遮阳网开展遮光试验。结果表明：不同季节使用黑色遮阳网能显著增加氨基酸和咖啡碱含量,降低茶多酚含量和酚氨比,与对照茶园比较,夏季、秋季、春季茶叶氨基酸含量分别增加了14.22%、17.07%、6.23%,茶多酚含量分别降低了4.40%、6.43%、27.66%,咖啡碱含量分别增加了9.48%、8.10%、7.28%。夏秋季银灰色遮阳网效果最差,绿色遮阳网效果介于黑色和对照之间,春季三种颜色遮阳网效果均优于对照;茶树遮光后品质明显优于对照,夏秋茶经遮光可达到制高档茶的要求,春茶遮光可达到制名优茶的要求。     

影响绿茶季节间品质差异的生化因子探析

通过测定同一生态环境下生长的31份茶树材料春、夏、秋3季1芽2叶时茶叶的主要生化成分,同时制作烘青茶样进行感官审评,并对测定数据进行统计分析,以揭示影响绿茶品质季节间差异的主要生化因子。结果表明,有27份材料的茶叶品质呈现出春季高于夏、秋季的变化趋势。对27份材料生化成分与品质总分的逐步回归分析、相关分析和通径分析表明,氨基酸、花青素和叶绿素含量对茶叶品质的影响最大,是导致绿茶品质季节间差异的主要生化因子。其中氨基酸表现为正向影响,在季节间呈现春季高、夏秋季降低的规律;花青素和叶绿素表现为负向影响,在季节间呈现春季低、夏秋季升高的趋势。     

以青砖茶为原料的果茶饮料制备

以青砖茶、新鲜苹果汁、西瓜汁和菠萝汁为主要原料进行果茶饮料的研制,采用单因素试验及正交分析试验对果茶饮料的配方进行工艺优化,以感官评价和吸光值为评定指标,确定果茶饮料的最佳配方。结果表明,体积比分别为8∶2的茶汤与苹果汁的混合汁、5∶5的茶汤与西瓜汁的混合汁和3∶7的茶汤与菠萝汁的混合汁混匀调配出的茶饮料的口感最佳,色泽清透,且香气较佳。本研究为黑茶果茶饮料的研 制提供了理论依据。     

Properties of ACE inhibitory peptide prepared from protein in green tea residue and evaluation of its anti-hypertensive activity

Green tea contains active ingredients which are beneficial for health. While numerous studies have been conducted on the components extracted from green tea, few studies have investigated the active ingredients in tea residue. In this study, proteins were extracted from green tea residue via an optimised alkaline extraction combined with enzymatic hydrolysis, of which, an acidic protease was selected to prepare an enzymatic hydrolysate because of its high angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The composition characteristics of extracted green tea proteolysis products were elucidated, including amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution and possible amino acid sequences. In addition, the protein hydrolysate had anti-digestive properties, maintained its activity of inhibiting ACE enzyme at different temperatures, pH and metal ions, and exhibited antihypertensive activity in animals. In conclusion, the optimised alkaline extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of a ACE inhibitory peptide from green tea residue is an optimal extraction method to maintain its antihypertensive activity, providing the basis for the clinical application of green tea for blood pressure reduction.     

矿物油对茶园小贯小绿叶蝉的控制效果和对茶叶感官品质的影响

小贯小绿叶蝉Empoasca(Matsumurasca)onukii Matsuda是东亚茶树的重要害虫之一,目前在我国主要采用化学防治。本文研究一种nC23园艺用矿物油、加德士的D-C-Tron NR对其产卵和取食行为的影响,以及对其田间种群的控制效果,为在茶园使用矿物油替代化学农药进行防治提供依据。室内选择性试验结果表明,用矿物油150倍液、200倍液处理茶树离体嫩梢对小贯小绿叶蝉成虫都有显著的拒食和产卵忌避效果,第3天的拒食率分别为85.59%、89.17%,产卵忌避率分别为70.22%、91.5%,200倍液处理对若虫也有显著的驱避和拒食效果,第2天驱避率为81.96%,第3天拒食率为85.86%。田间试验结果表明,矿物油100倍液、200倍液、300倍液处理都显著降低小贯小绿叶蝉田间种群的虫口密度,其中100倍液和200倍液的防治效果无显著差异,处理后5 d若虫的校正减退率分别达89.13%、87.63%,成虫分别达87.58%、84.22%,都显著高于300倍液的防效。田间试验结果还表明,矿物油3个浓度处理后茶梢上的卵量显著减少,其中100倍液处理第7天的产卵忌避率最高,达80.86%,而各处理茶园蜘蛛的数量与对照相比都没有显著差异。另外,用矿物油200倍液喷施茶树后5 d、10 d采摘的茶芽制成绿茶,经感官评审与对照没有差异,说明矿物油对小贯小绿叶蝉具有较好的防治效果,而且对茶园蜘蛛安全,对茶叶感官品质没有影响,可以在小绿叶蝉防治中推广应用。